October 27, 2024
by Carla Hay
Directed by Coralie Fargeat
Culture Representation: Taking place in the Los Angeles area, the horror film “The Substance” features a predominantly white cast of characters (with some Latin people and African Americans) representing the working-class, middle-class and wealthy.
Culture Clash: A famous TV aerobics instructor injects herself with an anti-aging liquid called The Substance, which creates a spliced younger woman from her DNA, and things go horribly wrong.
Culture Audience: “The Substance” will appeal mainly to people who are interested in provocative horror movies that have a lot to say about the extreme things that people can do to hold on to youth and beauty.
The sci-fi horror movie “The Substance” is both a gruesome portrayal and a dark satire of vanity and insecurity about aging and society’s beauty ideals. The movie’s extremely gory and chaotic ending could’ve been better, but the performances are riveting. The visual imagery in “The Substance” is deliberately unsettling and might be downright nauseating for some viewers.
Written and directed by Coralie Fargeat, “The Substance” had its world premiere at the 2024 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the prize for Best Screenplay. At the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival, “The Substance” won the Midnight Madness Audience Award. Most people who like “The Substance” will admire its bold and risk-taking approach in depicting how society’s beauty standards can be toxic and cause destructive self-loathing. People who dislike “The Substance” will mostly be repulsed by the movie’s body horror, which (it cannot be said enough times) will be too disturbing for some viewers.
“The Substance” takes place in the Los Angeles area, but the movie was actually filmed in France. The opening scene shows an unidentified person wearing black gloves injecting something into an egg yolk. The egg yolk then self-duplicates. This scientific procedure is a foreshadowing of what happens to the main character in the story. “The Substance” invites viewers to think about what decisions they would make if they were in the same circumstances as this protagonist.
The movie’s protagonist is Elisabeth Sparkles (played by Demi Moore), a successful aerobics instructor on TV with a show called “Sparkle Your Life.” Elisabeth (a bachelorette with no children) is famous enough to have gotten her own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. However, during a montage showing people walking on Elisabeth’s star on Hollywood Walk of Fame, it’s mentioned that Elisabeth has become a semi-forgotten has-been. A man accidentally drops a ketchup-covered hamburger on the star. This imagery of the Walk of Fame in the beginning of “The Substance” is referenced at the end of the movie.
What happened to Elisabeth? A flashback shows Elisabeth leading an enthusiastic workout to an admiring class for one of her TV episodes. And this day happens to be her birthday. Elisabeth is in her 60s, but she looks 20 to 25 years younger than her real age. Elisabeth doesn’t know it yet, but her career is about to go on a downward spiral.
Elisabeth is feeling upbeat and cheerful. She graciously thanks her colleagues in the TV studio when they wish her a happy birthday. The women’s restroom is out of order, so Elisabeth decides to use the men’s room. While she’s in a toilet stall, she overhears her boss Harvey (played by Dennis Quaid) enter the restroom and have a private phone conversation that is degrading to women.
Harvey—a high-ranking TV executive with an unknown title—is very egotistical, sleazy and sexist. He is verbally abusive and callous to his subordinates. Harvey values female employees only if they are young, conventionally beautiful, and can make money for him. Harvey openly tells people that a woman’s expiration date is the age of 50. And you know what that means for Elisabeth.
Elisabeth is driving down a street when she gets distracted by the sight of a billboard of herself getting replaced. Because of this distraction, Elisabeth gets into a major car accident where a truck crashes into her car. Elisabeth ends up in a hospital, where a doctor (played by Tom Morton) tells her that she is lucky not to have any serious injuries. A creepy male nurse (played by Robin Greer) feels Elisabeth’s spine and says to her, “You’re a good candidate.”
Not long after Elisabeth is released from the hospital, she gets an unusual delivery at her home: a flash drive wrapped in paper. The flash drive is labeled The Substance. And the paper is a hand-written note with a phone number and this message: “It changed my life.”
Elisabeth is curious, so she inserts the flash drive into a computer and sees a video presentation for The Substance. A voiceover for the presentation says, “Have you ever dreamt of being a better version of yourself? Younger, more beautiful, more perfect. One single injection unlocks your DNA, starting a new cellular division that will release another version of yourself.”
The presentation further explains: “The two versions have to co-exist. The one and only thing not to forget: You are one. You cannot escape yourself.”
Elisabeth decides to try The Substance and places an order for it. She gets a package with a key card, a hypodermic needle and a small bottle containing lime green liquid. The number 503 is on the key card. Elisabeth later finds out that 503 is the customer number that she has been assigned.
When Elisabeth calls the customer service phone number that she was given, an unidentified male voice reminds her that if she injects The Substance (the green liquid), then whatever person is created from Elisabeth will always be part of Elisabeth. “You are the matrix,” the voice tells her. “Everything comes from you. And everything is you. This is simply a better version of yourself.”
Elisabeth is also given instructions that she and the spliced person who will be created from The Substance have to equally split their time in the real world every week. If exceptions are made, there are consequences. Elisabeth and her spliced alter ego being cannot be seen in public together at the same time. When one of them is active, the other has to remain unconscious.
Elisabeth injects The Substance for the first time while she’s naked in her bathroom. And the effects are almost immediate. Elisabeth collapses on the floor as a new person emerges from her spine. This newly created person is Sue (played by Margaret Qualley), a perky woman in her 20s. The movie has a fixation on showing extreme close-ups of Sue’s body parts, especially her rear end.
Sue is not a clone of Elisabeth. Rather, Sue looks like she could be a younger biological family member of Elisabeth. If Sue or Elisabeth starts to feel run down when her time is running out and it’s time for the other person to “take over,” the person who is feeling run down gets a nosebleed. The Substance can be injected to rejuvenate whoever gets injected.
Harvey seems to forget all about Elisabeth (whose show he was going to cancel anyway), and he gives Sue her own exercise show called “Pump It Up,” which becomes an instant hit. Problems arise when Sue gets addicted to her newfound fame and fortune and doesn’t keep her end of the bargain to split her public time with Elisabeth. It should come as no surprise that Sue essentially wants to take over Elisabeth’s life and keep Elisabeth hidden for as long as possible. The consequences are quite grisly.
“The Substance” doesn’t do a very good job of explaining how Elisabeth’s “disappearances” during the week aren’t noticed by many people in her life. Even if Elisabeth had no family and no friends, someone on Elisabeth’s level of fame would have people working for her who would notice that her disappearances keep getting longer. Perhaps it’s the movie’s not-so-subtle way of stating that women of a certain age become more “invisible” and less noticeable as they get older.
However, “The Substance” does hit the mark in its commentary on how people can be conflicted over how much youth and beauty (or lack thereof) can have profound effects on people’s lives because of how society judges people based on physical appearances. Many people act like these prejudices don’t affect them, but the reality is that these prejudices affect everyone, whether people want to admit it or not. This reality is never far from the sci-fi surrealism of “The Substance.”
Elisabeth and Sue are supposed to be the same person, but Sue’s eventual greediness in not wanting to give equal time for Elisabeth to live is an example of the self-sabotage that people can engage in for short-term pleasure. On a different level, “The Substance” can also be considered a scathing criticism of the plastic surgery that people get to look younger, but the plastic surgery (if not done correctly) can actually make them look deformed or unnatural. Although “The Substance” has been described as a feminist movie, “The Substance” shows that women aren’t the only people with the desire to hold on to youth and good looks.
Moore is perfectly cast as self-conscious and complicated Elisabeth, who goes through a form of torture when the shallow and ambitious Sue decides to take over Elisabeth’s life. Qualley also gives a standout performance as Sue, who never seems to be completely human. That’s because Sue was created as a fully formed adult only when it comes to her physical appearance, instead of going through the human psychological/emotional experiences of maturing from childhood to adulthood. Without the character-shaping experiences of maturing from childhood to adulthood, Sue can only be described as somewhat soulless with an underdeveloped personality.
What happens to Elisabeth during the course of the story is more than a “be careful what you wish for” warning. It’s also the movie’s way of saying that going to extreme lengths to hold on to youth and beauty doesn’t just harm the person who goes to those extremes. It also harms society because it’s a part of a system that profits from making people feel insecure about natural aging, in order to sell products and services aimed at making people look younger. The real horror in “The Substance” isn’t just in the bloody gore but the fact many people in real life would make the same choices that Elisabeth makes to look young and beautiful at any cost and regardless of any damage it causes.
MUBI released “The Substance” in U.S. cinemas on September 20, 2024. MUBI’s streaming service will premiere “The Substance” on October 31, 2024.