March 13, 2026
by Carla Hay

Directed by Andrew Jarecki and Charlotte Kaufman
Culture Representation: Filmed from 2019 to 2024, the true crime documentary film “The Alabama Solution” features an African American and white group of people talking about legal cases accusing the Alabama Department of Corrections (ADOC) of corruption in Alabama men’s prisons.
Culture Clash: Among the allegations against ADOC are prisoners being assaulted and murdered by ADOC employees; bribery and threats to silence potential whistleblowers; unsafe and unsanitary conditions in prison; inadequate or neglectful medical care; and illegal slave labor.
Culture Audience: “The Alabama Solution” will appeal primarily to people who are interested in true crime documentaries about American prison systems.

“The Alabama Solution” is a disturbing exposé that shows examples of Alabama Department of Corrections corruption that has been detailed in numerous lawsuits. However, this documentary gets repetitive and ignores issues in women’s prisons. Despite these flaws, “The Alabama Solution” is very effective in how it brings into focus the humanity of the people who’ve been damaged or killed by this corruption, so that some of them just aren’t names in legal documents or news reports.
Directed and produced by Andrew Jarecki and Charlotte Kaufman, “The Alabama Solution” was filmed from 2019 to 2024 and had its world premiere at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival. The movie uses a combination of cell phone footage recorded by inmates in Alabama Department of Corrections (ADOC) prisons; archival news footage; and exclusive interviews conducted by “The Alabama Solution” filmmakers. The cell phone footage recorded from inside the prisons includes interviews with inmates, in addition to harrowing scenes of filthy living conditions, unattended prisoners in medical crises, and employee guard stations that have sleeping or missing employees. “The Alabama Solution” was nominated for Best Documentary Feature Film for the 2026 Academy Awards.
Why is Alabama singled out in this documentary? According to unsourced statistics in “The Alabama Solution,” Alabama state prisons have the highest drug overdose rate, the highest murder rate and the highest suicide rate in the United States. “The Alabama Solution” lists other alarming stastics as captions. But unfortunately, the documentary doesn’t list the information sources for any these statistics. The documentary’s lack of named and verifiable sources when listing statistic information is an omission that lowers the journalistic quality of this documentary.
Where “The Alabama Solution” excels the most is in first-person testimonials and interviews with some ADOC inmates and their loved ones. The documentary has interviews with ADOC inmates Robert Earl Council Jr. (also known as Kinetik Justice), Melvin Ray, Raul Poole, James Sales, as well as other incarcerated men who chose not to be identified by their names. By the end of this documentary, one of these men has died in prison under suspicious circumstances. Another man became a victim of a brutal beating that he says was done by ADOC employees, and the assault was so severe, the injuries caused him to lose an eye. This review of “The Alabama Solution” won’t reveal which of these men had these tragic experiences, in case viewers want to find out by watching the documentary.
Most of these inmates appear on camera for these interviews, which were done on cell phones that the men smuggled into prison. A few of the men opted not to have their faces shown on camera, but their voices are undisguised. A caption near the beginning of the documentary says, “Alabama’s state prisons are operating at nearly 200% of their intended capacity, with one-third of the required staff. In this environment, use of contraband cell phones has proliferated.”
According to what people say in the documentary’s interviews, prisoners risk getting caught having these prohibited cell phones because they think it’s more important to have these cell phones as protection to record evidence of all the crimes that are being committed in the ADOC system. This video evidence can be uploaded or sent to people and places for safekeeping. Based on what’s described in this documentary, there’s no shortage of crimes that can be filmed in these prisons and many other prisons.
The crimes that are the focus of this documentary are those commited by ADOC employees against the prisoners. These crimes include murder, assault, bribery and other illegal coercion, deprivation or neglect of medical care, and illegal slave labor. Lawsuits have been filed against ADOC, individual Alabama prisons and/or individual ADOC employees for these allegations. Most of these lawsuits are settled out of court or dismissed.
The prisoners and their loved ones who have been active in seeking justice for these types of crimes describe being ignored, gaslighted and/or threatened by Alabama officials, in a system that is set up to hide corruption and crimes committed by ADOC employees against prisoners. The prisoners who are whistleblowers usually risk retaliatory punishments that result in ADOC employees inflicting, false accusations, solitary confinement, beatings, torture, or death, according to the interviews. Those who participate in the crime cover-ups are often rewarded, according to lawsuits against ADOC.
“The Alabama Solution” examines the case of 35-year-old Steven Davis, an inmate who was killed by being beaten to death in 2019 at William E. Donaldson Correctional Facility in Bessemer, Alabama. ADOC employee Roderick “Big G” Gadson was named as the chief culprit of this fatal beating. However, Gadson claimed self-defense because he and other ADOC employee witnesses claimed that Davis was attacking them with makeshift blades as weapons.
The documentary chronicles much of this investigation on camera, from the moment the the filmmakers heard an inmate give a phone tip saying that Davis’ death was murder. “The Alabama Solution” shows the trip to Birmingham to UAB Hospital’s intensive care unit, where Davis died and his body is seen covered with a bed sheet. Davis’ mother Sondra “Sandy” Ray (no relation to Melvin Ray) and Davis’ brother Brandon are interviewed in the documentary. They are seen grieving with other family members.
Sandy Ray is the family member who is featured the most. She expresses her frustration about trying to find out how and why Davis died and not getting her phone calls returned by the William E. Donaldson Correctional Facility’s warden. Brandon says he took a photo of Davis’ body in the hospital because he wasn’t sure if the family would get the body returned to them. “I wanted to take a photo as evidence,” he comments.
Sensitive viewers should be warned: The photo is shown in the documentary. And it’s heartbreaking. Sandy Ray comments in the documentary on how this photo affects all the good memories and images she has of her slain son: “That picture of what they done to him overrides all the good.”
The family hears the “official” cause of Davis’ death (killing done in self-defense) when it’s reported on the news. The inmate who called in the tip about the death being murder wanted to remain anonymous and said that several other prisoners witnessed an ADOC officer stomp on Davis’ head repeatedly during the assault while Davis was unarmed. The tipster didn’t want to name the officer, but he advised Davis’ family to get an attorney to investigate.
And that’s exactly what happened. The documentary shows civil rights trial lawyer Hank Sherrod, who was hired to represent Sandy and her family, making phone calls to several William E. Donaldson Correctional Facility inmates to interview them under attorney confidentiality, although the inmates on the phone knew they were being filmed for a documentary. Some of the men who are contacted immediately deny knowing what happened, or they say they know what happened but don’t want talk about it. One of the men says an ADOC officer is in the room while he talks to Sherrod, even though Sherrod says that it’s the law in Alabama for a prisoner to be entitled to have no one else in a room when talking to an attorney.
A break in the investigation comes when an inmate (whose identity is withheld from the documentary) names Gadson as the killer and says other ADOC officers actively covered up the crime, by making the inmates do things such as clean up the blood before official investigators arrived, and offering special privileges to inmate witnesses who would claim they saw nothing. This inmate witness also said that Davis had a bladed weapon, but Davis never used it or showed it in a threatening manner during this incident that led to Davis’ death. According to this witness, the weapon was about 15 feet away and on the floor when Gadson was assaulting Davis. Gadson “unmercifully beat the guy [Davis] to death,” the inmate witness says during the interview.
The documentary shows Davis’ cellmate Sales telling a different story in his phone conversation with Sherrod. Sales’ version is that Davis had weapons tied to bedsheets, and Gadson was only trying to help Davis when Davis attacked Gadson. In the phone interview, where Sales appears undisguised on camera, Sales hesitates when Sherrod asks him for more details on what Davis was doing that would warrant this type of beating.
However, Sales is able to confidently give details about the ADOC policy that allows employees to use force in self-defense against an attacking inmate. Sales’ way of speaking changes when he recites this information, giving the impression that he was fed this information and memorized it. Sales also admits that he is due for an upcoming release from prison and doesn’t want to do anything to jeopardize this release. However, Sales promises Sherrod that after Sales is released from prison, he will personally tell Davis’ mother the entire story.
An unidentified inmate who gives a phone interview for the documentary says that Gadson is part of a William E. Donaldson Correctional Facility employee group known in the prison as the Wrecking Crew because they’re “addicted” to inflicting brutal abuse on the inmates. The other alleged members of the Wrecking Crew are not named in the documentary, which could’ve dug deeper into the reportedly large network of abusers in the ADOC. “The Alabama Solution” makes Gadson look like the main villain, when there are obviously many more who are like Gadson or worse.
The documentary does not interview Gadson, but he is seen in videoclips from a recorded deposition in one of the many lawsuits that have been filed against him. In this deposition, which is for a lawsuit that’s separate from the Davis case, Gadson is arrogant and flippant when an unseen and unidentified attorney asks him why Gadson has been sued several times for assault and other abuse of prisoners. Gadson admits to using force on the job, but he denies that the force was excessive.
In 2020, Sandy Ray sued Gadson and ADOC for wrongful death in the killing of Davis. The case was settled out of court in 2024. According to Alabama news website AL.com and other news sources, Sandy received a $250,000 settlement payment, and the state of Alabama had $393,000 in legal fees for this lawsuit. These financial amounts are legally part of public records for the state of Alabama.
An even bigger lawsuit against ADOC was filed in 2020 by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), based on a DOJ investigation that began in 2016. The lawsuit alleges numerous ADOC crimes, as described the documentary and in this review. Alabama state officials, such as governor Kay Ivey (whose second and final term ends in 2026) and district attorney Steve Marshall have pushed back by saying the federal government should not get involved in Alabama state matters that need an “Alabama solution.” At the time “The Alabama Solution” documentary was released, the DOJ lawsuit was still pending and is expected to drag on for years.
Council and Melvin Ray co-founded Free Alabama Movement, an activist group aimed at advocating for civil rights of incarcerated people in the ADOC. They both say they have experienced abuse and retaliation (including solitary confinement) from ADOC employees who want to silence them and stop them in their Free Alabama Movement activities. In the documentary, Council says the system wants inmates to be ignorant of their rights and to fight each other inmates because it’s a “divide and conquer” strategy.
The purpose of the Free Alabama Movement, he says, is to unite inmates, educate inmates of their rights, and give legal assistance or resources. Free Alabama Movement has successfully led prisoner boycotts of work that’s considered slave labor, but these boycotts are temporary interruptions to much bigger problems. One of the biggest obstacles that prisoners face is the very nature of being in prison means that people will have varying degrees of opinions on what “punishment” should look like. However, “punishment” in the United States should not mean taking away basic civil rights that people are entitled to under the U.S. Constitution and in state laws.
Ostensibly, the Free Alabama Movement sounds like it’s for all Alabama prisoners who need help with civil rights issues. However, the Free Alabama Movement (just like this documentary) seems to be all about male prisoners and definitely makes it look like the needs of male prisoners are more important than the needs of any other prisoners. It’s a huge blind spot that blatantly excludes the fact that female prisoners have similar problems wherever they are incarcerated. “The Alabama Solution” also has no mention of prisoners who aren’t cisgender, such as transgender people or non-binary people, whose gender identities make them even more vulnerable to abuse in prison systems.
It doesn’t seem as if anyone who made this documentary asked Council, Melvin Ray or anyone in the Free Alabama Movement why this advocacy group gives preference to cisgender men. This bias is a form of gender discrimination for issues that affect prisoners of any gender identity. “The Alabama Solution” also refuses to acknowledge the harsh reality of racial inequalities in the U.S. criminal justice system. Any documentary about an American prison system cannot be considered truly comprehensive unless these racial inequalities are examined.
Other people interviewed in the documentary include former corrections Quante Cockrell and Stacy George, who give brief comments that don’t reveal anything surprising when they say that a lot of prison employees can be violent bullies. Alabama attorney general Marshall is also interviewed, but his comments sound like pre-rehearsed public relations statements that sidestep or deny the serious allegations in the DOJ lawsuit. Council’s daughter Catrice and his father Robert Earl Council Sr. are shown briefly making comments about the injustices that they say Robert Council Jr. experiences in prison.
“The Alabama Solution” does not try to garner sympathy for the reasons why these men are in prison. Instead, the documentary is aimed at holding people accountable for committing crimes against these prisoners and exposing a system that does more harm than good in rehabilitating those who are incarcerated. And what does it say about a prison system when hardcore inmates are afraid of getting murdered by the prison employees?
Council Jr. is the only prisoner in the documentary who’s willing to talk openly about why he’s incarcerated. He was sentenced to life in prison for murder. Council Jr. says when he was a young man, he was a drug dealer who shot a man whom he says was high on crack cocaine and was allegedly trying to run down Council Jr. with a car. Council Jr. also admits he sold drugs while in prison, but he makes the excuse that it was mainly to pay for child support.
“The Alabama Solution” is an intentionally ironic title because by the end of the documentary, it’s made woefully clear that there is no solution in sight to the massive problems in the ADOC (and other similar prison systems) because too many people have financial stakes in making sure those problems continue to thrive. The documentary includes archival commentary from radio station call-in listeners who have an attitude that every prison inmate needs to rot and suffer in a personal hell. It’s an attitude that is reflected in how numerous powerful officials want prison systems to be operated. And it’s an attitude that’s not going away anytime soon.
HBO released “The Alabama Solution” in select U.S. cinemas on October 3, 2025. HBO premiered the movie on October 10, 2025.







































