November 22, 2025
by Carla Hay

Directed by James Vanderbilt
Some language in German with no subtitles
Culture Representation: Taking place in Germany and Luxembourg (and briefly in Austria, the United States, and Italy) from 1945 to 1946, the dramatic film “Nuremberg” features an all-white cast of characters representing the working-class, middle-class and wealthy.
Culture Clash: American psychiatrist Douglas Kelley is summoned to Germany to evaluate Nazi leader Hermann Göring (who was Adolf Hitler’s second-in-command), before Göring goes on trial for war crimes.
Culture Audience: “Nuremberg” will appeal primarily to people who are fans of the movie’s headliners and historical dramas about what happened to Nazi war criminals after the end of World War II.

The 2025 drama “Nuremberg” won’t be considered a classic, but it’s a solid depiction of the prosecution of Nazi war criminal Hermann Göring and his evaluation by American psychiatrist Douglas Kelley. Good performances outweigh some phony-looking “only in a movie” moments and occasionally sluggish pacing. The “Nuremberg” cast is a little overstuffed with many key supporting characters who are underdeveloped. However, the movie offers a unique and well-acted angle of looking at the Nuremberg Trials from a psychological perspective.
Written and directed by James Vanderbilt, “Nuremberg” had its world premiere at the 2025 Toronto International Film Festival and made the rounds at several other film festivals in 2025, including the Zurich Film Festival and AFI Fest.” The movie is based on Jack El-Hai’s 2013 non-fiction book “The Nazi and the Psychiatrist.” The 2025 version of “Nuremberg” is one of several movies that cover some or all aspects of the Nuremberg Trials that began in Nuremberg, Germany, on November 20, 1945, and ended on October 1, 1946.
The Nuremberg Trials had 24 defendants accused of Nazi war crimes. “Nuremberg” focuses only on the prosecution and trial of Göring, who was the highest-ranking Nazi official after Adolf Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945. For the purposes of this review, the real people will be referred to by their last names, while the characters in the movie will be referred to by their first names. “Nuremberg” takes place in Germany and Luxembourg (and briefly in Austria, the United States, and Italy) from 1945 to 1946. The movie was actually filmed in Budapest, Hungary.
“Nuremberg” begins with a scene that takes place on May 7, 1945, in Austria, shortly after the end of World War II when Nazi Germany and other nations in the Axis forces were defeated. American soldiers are patrolling the area (one of the soldiers is seen urinating on an underground bunker trap door with a Nazi swastika symbol) when the soldiers stop a Mercedes that has the audacity to still have a Nazi flag on display. The soldiers stop the Mercedes as the car’s driver (played by Ádám Varga) waves a white piece of fabric (torn from the dress of a girl in the back seat), as a show of surrender.
There are two passengers in the car’s back seat: Hermann Göring (played by Russell Crowe) and Hermann’s 9-year-old daughter Edda Göring (played by Fleur Bremmer), but only Hermann gets out of the car. As an indication of Hermann’s arrogance, he doesn’t show any deference to the soldiers. Instead, he asks the soldiers to get his luggage.
Meanwhile, Robert H. Jackson (played by Michael Shannon), an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, has come up with a unprecedented idea to prosecute Nazi war criminals: Put the accused in international trials prosecuted and judged by representatives from the Allied Forces that won World War II: the United States France, the United Kingdom, and Russia. There would be four international judges representing each nation.
Robert’s personal secretary Elsie Douglas (played by Wrenn Schmidt) is skeptical. “It’s a logistical nightmare,” Elsie says to Robert about this ambitious idea. Robert replies, “I know, but it has to be done.” Robert also wants these trials to be filmed for historical purposes: “The world needs to know what these men did.”
The U.S. government has already set plans in motion to prosecute these war criminals. However, the movie shows that Robert has to rally support for these groundbreaking trials so that the trials would not be considered violations of international laws. The movie depicts him as coming up with a clever strategy of getting an endorsement from Pope Pius XII (played by Giuseppe Cederna) to have these trials.
Robert goes to Vatican City to meet with the Pope, who says at first the he doesn’t want the Catholic Church to get involved in political matters. But then, Robert guilt trips the Pope by reminding him that the Catholic Church stood by and did nothing during most of the Nazi atrocities during the Holocaust. Robert tells Pope Pius XII that the Pope’s endorsement of the trials would be a chance for the Catholic Church to redeem itself and be on the right side of history. The Pope agrees and endorses the trials.
Meanwhile, Douglas Kelley (played by Rami Malek), a U.S. Army psychiatrist, is seen on a train going to Luxembourg. Douglas has been summoned for a top-secret assignment that he will get details about when he arrives in Luxembourg. While on the train, bachelor Douglas flirts with a bachelorette named Lila McQuaide (played by Lydia Peckham), who will cross paths again with Douglas later in the story.
Lila, who is a character fabricated for the movie, has a job that Douglas will find out later will directly impact his involvement in this top-secret assignment. Because the character of Lila is fictional, her purpose in the story looks a little too fake and contrived. Almost nothing is told about Doug and his personal life in this movie, which depicts him as someone who makes work his top priority.
When Douglas arrives at the train station, he is greeted by Howard “Howie” Triest (played by Leo Woodall), a German American sergeant in the U.S. Army. Howie is friendly and helpful when he tells Douglas that he will be Douglas’ German translator. Howie says he doesn’t have the authority to tell Douglas what Douglas has been summoned to do in this assignment.
Douglas and Howie go to the Grand Hotel Mondorf in Luxembourg. The hotel (whose code name is Ash Can) is the top-secret location where some of the worst Nazi war criminals are being imprisoned before they go on trial. Hermann is among these prisoners. The other Nazi prisoners featured in the movie are Dr. Robert Ley (played by Tom Keune), Karl Dönitz (played by Peter Jordan) and Julius Streicher (played by Dieter Riesle).
Douglas then finds out from gruff and stern U.S. Army colonel named Burton C. Andrus (played by John Slattery) that Douglas has been hired to do psychiatric evaluations of these war criminals. Burton will be Douglas’ supervisor. The movie shows the majority of Douglas’ psychiatric evaluations being done on Hermann, with brief montages of Douglas spending time with Robert, Karl and Julius.
Hermann is considered to be the craftiest and most manipulative of all the Nazi war prisoners. At first, Douglas isn’t sure he is the right person for this job of giving someone like Hermann a psychiatric evaluation. But after he meets with Hermann and sees the inevitable mind games that will take place, Douglas becomes excited about what type of impact his psychiatric work will have on this historical trial. Douglas also has a self-serving agenda: Douglas wants to write a book about this experience. He’s certain the book will be an international bestseller.
Douglas finds out that even though Hermann is very smug and cocky, Hermann has way of charming people to make himself seem less harmless than he really is. Hermann also a few weaknesses that Douglas uses to his advantage. First, Hermann is addicted to painkiller dihydrocodeine, a derivative of morphine. Second, Hermann is self-conscious about being overweight.
Before Douglas met Hermann, Douglas was told that Hermann cannot communicate in English and can only communicate in German. However, Douglas suspects that Hermann can understand English, so he tests this theory by saying to Hermann in English that the prison guards make derogatory comments about Hermann because the guards think Hermann is fat. Hermann flinches ever so slightly, which is a giveaway to Douglas that Hermann is only pretending to not know English. Douglas knows he really hit a vanity nerve with Hermann when Hermann begins doing vigorous exercises in order to lose weight.
Eventually, Douglas confronts Hermann about Hermann’s language deception. Hermann admits he knows English, and he subsequently communicates with Douglas in English and in German. Hermann admires Douglas’ obvious intelligence, but Hermann still thinks he’s smarter than everyone else.
Hermann is also convinced that he will be found not guilty during his trial, and he intends to testify at the trial. He has been charged with four major counts: (1) crimes against peace; (2) war crimes; (3) crimes of humanity; and (4) conspiracy to commit those crimes. Hermann’s “not guilty” defense (the same defense used by many of the Nazi war criminals on trial) was that he was just following orders like a German patriot. He claimed that he was not directly involved in the crimes that he was charged with for this trial.
Howie privately tells Douglas that he can barely contain his disgust when he’s around Hermann and the other Nazis. Howie is confused by how Douglas can treat Hermann with a certain amount of politeness. Douglas says it’s all a manipulation tactic so that Douglas can earn Hermann’s trust.
Douglas tells Howie to look at the big-picture goals of these psychiatric evaluations and why it relates to how the Nazis were able to create the Holocaust genocide: “If we can psychologically define evil, we can make sure that something like this can never happen again.” Later, Leo reveals a secret to Douglas about Leo’s personal history that changes Douglas’ perspective of Leo.
“Nuremberg” portrays Douglas as becoming obsessed with outwitting Hermann. He sometimes appears to get too chummy with Hermann, which makes many of Douglas’ colleagues uncomfortable. Douglas also has clashes with supervising colonel Burton, who thinks Douglas is often insubordinate.
Something unexpected happens (which won’t be revealed in this review) that is a setback to the prosecution, and Burton blames Douglas for it. As a result, Burton brings in Dr. Gustav Gilbert (played by Colin Hanks) to be a second psychiatrist to evaluate the Nazi prisoners. Predictably, Gustav and Douglas have conflicts because Douglas wants to be considered the lead psychiatrist, but Gustav wants to be treated as an equal.
“Nuremberg” is at its most fascinating in the private conversations between Douglas and Hermann. These conversations show depths and layers to these characters’ personalities, as well as skilled acting from Malek and Crowe, whose characters are also playing roles in this game of one man trying to outsmart the other. Hermann’s loving communications with his wife Emmy (played by Lotte Verbeek) and daughter Edda are examples of how many Nazis could lead double lives as kind and generous to their families but cruel and homicidal to people whom the Nazis want to destroy.
“Nuremberg” has a somewhat clunky transition to the courtroom scenes, where the character of Douglas takes a back seat during the trial of Hermann. Rudolph Hess (played by Andreas Pietschmann), a high-ranking Nazi official who was transferred from another prison for the Nuremberg Trials, makes a brief appearance in the movie. Hermann becomes the “star witness” of his own trial, which took place for 218 days, from November 1945 to March 1946. However, what has the most emotional impact in the movie is the real-life footage and photos of the suffering and genocide that took place at the Nazi-created death camps.
“Nuremberg” was made by American production companies. And it shows, because the focus is mainly on the prosecution team members from English-speaking countries, with the Americans being the portrayed as the most important prosecutors. The prosecution team depicted in the movie consists of Robert representing the United States; David Maxwell-Fyfe (played by Richard E. Grant), an assistant prosecutor from the United Kingdom; and John Amen (played by Mark O’Brien), a U.S. Army colonel who was the Nuremberg prison chief interrogator during the trials.
The real-life chief prosecutors representing Russia (Roman A. Rudenko) and France (François de Menthon, who was replaced in January 1946 by Auguste Champetier de Ribes) are diminished from this “Nuremberg” movie because these prosecutors get brief mentions but no significant speaking roles. To put it bluntly: The Americans are the biggest heroes in this movie. Although it’s a patriotic slant, it’s not entirely accurate because the Nuremberg Trials and the Allied Forces’ victory in World War II were truly international efforts and not just from English-speaking countries.
By sidelining the Douglas character during the courtroom scenes, “Nuremberg” gets a little disjointed. The trial performances are acted skillfully, with Crowe stealing every scene that he’s in during Hermann’s trial. But compared to the 1947 documentary “Nuremberg Trials” or the 1961 classic drama “Justice at Nuremberg,” the 2025 “Nuremberg” movie looks like an inferior Hollywood version. It doesn’t make “Nuremberg” a bad movie, but it doesn’t make it an outstanding movie either.
The movie’s total running time is 148 minutes, which really isn’t enough time to do a comprehensive depiction of what happened in real life. However, the last 15 minutes of “Nuremberg” are among the best moments in the movie because it shows what happened to Douglas after the Nuremberg Trials. This is the section of the movie that most viewers will be unfamiliar with because the real Dr. Kelley is not a well-known historical figure to most people in the general public. “Nuremberg” is a compelling story about a psychiatrist who delved into the twisted mind of a notorious Nazi, but it’s also a cautionary tale of what human atrocities can occur in the name of fanatical and hateful patriotism.
Sony Pictures Classics released “Nuremberg” in U.S. cinemas on November 7, 2025.








